Laparotomy is a common surgical procedure. The incision may be horizontal or vertical, depending on the patient’s diagnosis.

Preparation before surgery

1. Patients should sign the consent forms for surgery and anesthesia. Patients may ask questions about possible risks and management.
2. Blood and urine tests (complete blood counts, biochemistry, electrolytes, urinalysis), chest X-ray, and electrocardiogram (EKG) will be performed.
3. For general anesthesia, an enema may be required the night before surgery. Patients should fast from midnight, including food and water.
4. On the morning of surgery, our medical staff will insert an intravenous (IV) line to administer fluids and medications.
5. Since the incision is on the abdomen, skin preparation will be done after anesthesia.
6. Patients should practice deep breathing and coughing before surgery to prevent post-operative lung collapse (atelectasis) or aspiration pneumonia caused by fear of pain.

Cautions after surgery

1. Soft foods are recommended, and foods that may cause bloating, such as beans, eggs, and dairy products, should be avoided.
2. Patients may use an abdominal binder to support turning, coughing, and early mobilization, which helps recovery and prevents lower limb venous thrombosis.  
3. Keep the wound clean and dry. Notify medical staff if there is discharge or bleeding. If the wound is painful, pain relief or post-operative analgesia may be provided. You may shower one day after the stitches are removed.

Self-Care Instructions

1. Maintain a positive mood to help post-operative recovery.
2. Return to the outpatient clinic about one week after discharge, or as scheduled by your doctor.
3. Diet has no strict restrictions, but avoid irritant foods such as sesame oil, alcohol, and spicy foods.
4. For two months after discharge, avoid lifting objects heavier than 5 kg and straining your abdominal muscles.
5. Sexual activity can generally be resumed as tolerated; consult your doctor if necessary.
6. Return to the hospital immediately if any of the following occurs:

• Fever ≥ 38°C
• Severe lower abdominal pain
• Redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or abnormal discharge at or around the surgical wound
• Heavy vaginal bleeding