Ovarian Function

Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. The ovaries are reproductive organs that produce eggs and secrete hormones. After menopause, the ovaries shrink and the surface becomes fibrotic, losing these functions.

Cause of Benign Ovarian Tumors

The exact causes of benign ovarian tumors are still unknown. Generally, most ovarian tumors are benign. Malignant ovarian tumors may be associated with risk factors such as low fertility, infertility, early onset of menstruation, or late menopause.

Clinical features

1. Most patients have no obvious symptoms
2. Mild discomfort or dull pain on the affected side
3. Occasionally, severe abdominal pain may occur due to tumor torsion or rupture
4. Irregular menstrual periods
5. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
6. A mass in the lower abdomen may be felt by a doctor or through self-examination
7. Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of appetite

Treatment

1. Young Patients: Oral contraceptives may be used to suppress ovarian function and reduce the risk of functional ovarian cysts.
2. Small Ovarian Tumors: These may be monitored in an outpatient setting. However, if the tumor continues to grow, is multicystic, or has irregular texture, and ultrasound shows abnormal blood flow, surgical treatment is recommended. Surgery may be performed via laparoscopy or traditional open surgery, depending on the tumor’s condition.
3. Postmenopausal Women: If the ovaries or fallopian tubes enlarge rapidly over a short period, prompt medical evaluation is advised to rule out the possibility of malignancy.