衛教資訊
Low Potassium Diet for Hemodialysis Patients 血液透析病人低鉀飲食原則
Low Potassium Diet for Hemodialysis Patients 血液透析病人低鉀飲食原則
2024/1/2
Hyperkalemia is not uncommon in patients with advanced renal failure, because at the end of renal failure, potassium cannot be effectively excreted from the body and could accumulate, resulting in hyperkalemia (the concentration of potassium in the blood is higher than 6 mEq/L).
Causes of Hyperkalemia
- Inadequate dialysis.
- Excessive ingestion of high potassium-containing food.
Symptoms of Hyperkalemia
- Lower blood pressure, arrhythmia, severe ventricular fibrillation, and cardiac arrest. Neuromuscular symptoms include muscle tremor, spasm and sensory abnormalities in the early stage, and muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest in the late stage.
Low Potassium Diet Principles
Potassium is easily dissolve in water, so there is much potassium in broth, vegetable soup, traditional Chinese medicine soup, fruit juice and other soups. Therefore, in general, the following methods can reduce the uptake of potassium:
- Try not to eat raw vegetables such as lettuce salad, cucumber salad and potatoes
- Vegetables can be washed in water or blanched for 3 to 5 minutes, then stir-fried with oil. Some potassium ions can be lost.
- Eat the whole fruit (no more than 2 fists big a day), which can increase fiber intake.
- Drink less chicken essence, beef essence, fish broth, ribs broth, hot pot soup, stock and other meat soup.
- Do not soak cooked rice noodles in broth or vegetable soup as much as possible.
- Do not eat raw tomatoes. You may eat the pulp of blanched ones, or cooked ones without the soup
- Do not use low-sodium salt or low-salt soy sauce, because it uses potassium instead of sodium, which easily causes excessive serum potassium levels.
- Do not eat starfruit or its juice, because starfruit contains a certain neurotoxin that can cause uncomfortable symptoms such as persistent hiccups in uremia patients, and convulsions or even coma in severe cases.
- 陳虹霖、張家築(2010).透析病人之鈣、磷、鉀代謝異常及飲食對策.腎臟與透析,22(3),174-179。https://doi.org/10.6340/KD.2010(3).04
- 吳紅蓮、高美丁(2014).綜論-指導慢性腎臟病病人認識食品標示及其應用.臺灣營養學會雜誌,39(2),53-60。https://doi.org/10.6691/NSJ.201406_39(2).0003
- National Kidney Foundation. Potassium and your CKD diet. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/potassium
- Patient education: Low-potassium diet (Beyond the Basics) https://www.uptodate.com/contents/low-potassium-diet-beyond-the-basics
製作單位:內科部腎臟系 編碼:HE-10149-E
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若有任何疑問,請不吝與我們聯絡
電話:(04) 22052121 分機 12092、15357、15350、16982、11760
中國醫藥大學附設醫院暨體系院所